Factor Analysis of a Model of Socialization and Trust in Internet Dependency among Junior High School

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24320/redie.2019.21.e25.2112

Keywords:

Communication, social media, Internet, dependence, junior high school

Abstract

This study evaluates the validity and reliability of a restricted structural model that brings together factors relating to online socialization, trust, and Internet dependency in junior high students. Its practical purpose is to explain the coherence and relevance of factors in the theoretical model by way of a multiple regression and correlation analysis. The sample was made up of 4,563 students from public junior high schools in Mexico. The factor analysis revealed that factors relating to online socialization and trust have a direct and indirect impact on Internet dependency in adolescents, which is consistent with the theoretical model proposed. The correlation tests showed convergent validity and high and significant structural coefficients. The results indicate that junior high students exhibit Internet dependency resulting from sociability processes not just with their peers and family, but also strangers, as presented in the model tested.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Arnett, J. J. (1995). Broad and narrow socialization: The family in the context of a cultural theory. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57(3), 617-628
Asociación Mexicana de la Industria Publicitaria y Comercial en Internet. (2014). Estudio sobre los hábitos de los usuarios de Internet en México. Recuperado de https://www.asociaciondeinternet.mx/es/noticiasx/2160-estudio-amipci-de-habitos-de-los-usuarios-de-internet-en-mexico-2014
Bartolomé, J. (2014). Redes sociales y cuidado de la intimidad en adolescentes y familias: una propuesta educativa. Universidad de Murcia.

Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-246. Recuperado de https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1990-13755-001
Bentler, P. M. (1992). On the fit of models to covariances and methodology to the Bulletin. Psychological Bulletin, 112(3), 400-404. Recuperado de https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1993-12081-001
Bentler, P. M. y Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606. Recuperado de https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1981-06898-001
Berger, T. (1997). Observation and analysis of small-scale solar magnetic structure. Tesis de doctorado, Stanford University.
Berger, P. y Luckmann, T. (1968). La construcción social de la realidad. Madrid: Amorrortu.
Bernal, A. y Rivas, S. (2011). Relaciones padres e hijos. Un análisis de la realidad española a partir de la Encuesta “La familia, recurso de la sociedad”. Recuperado de https://dadun.unav.edu/bitstream/10171/23646/1/Bernal%20y%20Rivas_RELACI%C3%93N%20PADRES%20E%20HIJOS.pdf
Camodeca, M. y Goossens, F. A. (2005). Aggression, social cognitions, anger and sadness in bullies and victims. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(2), 186-197.
Cao, F., Su, L., Liu, T. y Gao, X. (2007). The relationship between impulsivity and Internet addiction in a sample of chinese adolescents. European Psychiatry, 22(7), 466-471. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.05.004
Carbonell, X., Fúster, H., Chamarro, A. y Oberst, U. (2012). Adicción a internet y móvil: una revisión de estudios empíricos españoles. Papeles del Psicólogo, 33(2), 82-89. Recuperado de http://www.papelesdelpsicologo.es/pdf/2096.pdf
Carroll, J. S., Padilla-Walker, L. M., Nelson, L. J., Olson, Ch. D., Barry, C. M. y Madsen, S. D. (2008). Generation XXX, pornography acceptance and use among emerging adults. Journal of Adolescent Research, 23(1), 6-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558407306348
Carstensen, L. L. (1992). Social and emotional patterns in adulthood: support for socioemotional selectivity theory. Psycology and Aging, 7(3), 331-338. Recuperado de https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1993-01043-001
Chan, S. M., Bowes, J. y Wyver, S. (2009). Parenting style as a context for emotion socialization. Early Education and Development, 20(4), 631-656. doi:10.1080/10409280802541973
Contreras, C. R., León, G. A. y Moreno, D. E. (2014). Internet en jóvenes de secundaria. Un estudio de sociabilidad en las relaciones interactivas en Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Revista Internacional de Tecnologías en la Educación, 1(1), 57-66. Recuperado de https://journals.epistemopolis.org/index.php/tecnologiasedu/article/view/1099
Du, Y. S., Jiang. W. y Vance, A. (2010). Longer term effect of randomized, controlled group cognitive behavioral therapy for Internet addiction in adolescent students in Shanghai. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44,129-134.
Echeburúa, E. y Corral, P. (1994). Adicciones psicológicas: más allá de la metáfora. Clínica y Salud, 5(3), 251-258. Recuperado de https://journals.copmadrid.org/clysa/art/07e1cd7dca89a1678042477183b7ac3f

Estévez, A., Villardón, L., Calvete, E., Padilla, P. y Orue, I. (2010, enero). Adolescentes víctimas de cyberbullying: prevalencia y características. Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 1(18), 73-89.
Garmendia, M., Gartaonandia, C. Martínez, G. y Casado, M. A. (2011). Riesgos y seguridad en Internet: los menores españoles en el contexto europeo. Universidad del País Vasco.
Goldberg, I. (1995). Internet addiction disorder. Diagnostic criteria. Recuperado de http://www.iucf.indiana.edu/brown/hyplan/addict.html
Gross, E. (2004). Adolescent Internet use. What we expected, what we report? Applied Developmental Psychology, 25, 633-649.
Han, D. H., Lee, Y. S., Na, C., Ahn, J. Y., Chung, U. S., Daniels, M. A. et al. (2009).The effects of methylphenidate on Internet video game play in children with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 50(3), 251-256. Recuperado de https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19374970
Heene, M., Hilbert, S., Draxler, C., Ziegler, M. y Bühner, M. (2011). Masking misfit in confirmatory factor analysis by increasing unique variances: a cautionary note on the usefulness of cutoff values of fit indices. Psychological Methods, 16, 319-336.
Hernández, C. y Alcoceba, J. A. (2015). Socialización virtual, multiculturalidad y riesgos de los adolescentes latinoamericanos en España, Icono, 14(13), 116-141. doi:10.7195/ri14.v13i2.787
Hodges, E. V. y Perry, D. G. (1999). Personal and interpersonal antecedents and consequences of victimization by peers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 677-685.
Huertas, A. (2012). Procesos de sociabilidad e identidades en Internet: una aproximación a partir del estudio de contextos sociales multiculturales juveniles en España. D. Cogo, M. ElHajji y A. Huertas (Coords.). Diásporas, migrações, tecnologias da comunicação e identidades transnacionais [Diásporas, migraciones, TIC e identidades transnacionales]. Barcelona: InComUAB.
INEGI. (2016). Encuesta nacional sobre disponibilidad y uso de tecnologías de la información en los hogares 2015. Recuperado de http://www.inegi.org.mx/saladeprensa/boletines/2016/especiales/especiales2016_03_01.pdf
Ivarsson, T., Broberg, A. G., Arvidsson, T. y Gillberg, C. (2005). Bullying in adolescence: psychiatric problems in victims and bullies as measured by the Youth Self Report (YSR) and the Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS). Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 59, 365-373.
Kaiser, H. F. (1958). The varimax criterion for analytic rotation in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 23(3), 187-201.
León, G. y Contreras, C. R. (2014). Tecnologías de la Comunicación y la Información, educación y jóvenes de secundaria en México. Un estudio sobre socialización y construcción de la identidad de las relaciones interactivas en jóvenes de secundaria. En E. Soriano, A. J. González y Cala, V. C. (Eds.), Retos actuales de Educación y Salud Transcultural (tomo I). Universidad de Almería.
León, G., Caudillo, Y., Contreras, R. y Moreno, D. (2014). Internet seguro y jóvenes de secundaria en México. Universidad de Sonora-SEP.
León, G., Caudillo, D. Y., Contreras, C. R. y Moreno, D. E. (2015). Jóvenes y medios digitales móviles en México. Un estudio de variables asociadas en perspectiva Interdisciplinar (1a. ed.). México: Pearson.

León, G., Contreras, C. R. y Moreno, D. (2016). Probando modelos interdisciplinares inclusivos en la dependencia de Internet en Jóvenes. Nuevas variables asociadas. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 71, 616-631. doi:10.4185/RLCS-2016-1112
Livingstone, S. M. (2009). Children and the Internet: great expectations, challenging realities. Cambridge, MA: Polity.
Maccoby, E. E. (2007). Historical overview of socialization research and theory, en J. E. Grusec y P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: theory and research (pp. 13-41). Nueva York: Guilford Press.
Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T. y Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler’s (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 11, 320-341.
Morahan-Martin, J. M. y Schumacker, P. (1997). Incidence and correlates of pathological internet use. Documento presentado en la 105th Anual Convention of de la American Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Olweus, D. (1991). Bully/victim problems among schoolchildren: Basic facts and effects of a school-based intervention program. En K. Rubin y D. Pepler (Dirs.), The Development and Treatment of Childhood Aggression (pp. 411-448). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Olweus, D. (1993). Victimization by peers: Antecedents and long-term outcomes. En K. H. Rubin y J. B. Asendorpf (Dirs.), Social withdrawal, inhibition, and shyness in childhood (pp. 315-341). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
O’Moore, M. y Kirkham, C. (2001). Self-esteem and its relationship to bullying behaviour. Aggressive Behavior, 27, 269-283.
Rodrigo, M., (1995). Los modelos de la comunicación. Madrid: Tecnos.
Rodrigo, M. (2001). Teorías de la comunicación. Ámbitos, métodos y perspectivas. Barcelona: Aldea global.
Shek, D. T., Tang, V. M. y Lo, C. Y. (2009). Evaluation of an Internet addiction treatment program for Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Adolescence, 44, 359-373.
Simkin, H. y Becerra, G. (2013) El proceso de socialización. Apuntes para su exploración en el campo psicosocial Ciencia, Docencia y Tecnología, XXIV(47), 119-142. Recuperado de http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/145/14529884005.pdf
Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: an interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25, 173-180.
Subrahmanyam, K., Reich, S. M., Waechter, N. y Espinoza, G. (2008). Online and offline social networks: use of social networking sites by emerging adults. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 420-433.
Svedin, C., Åkerman, I. y Priebe, G. (2011). Frequent users of pornography. A population based epidemiological study of Swedish male adolescents. Journal of adolescence, 34(4), 779-788.
Su, W., Fang, X., Miller J. K. y Wang, Y. (2011). Internet-based intervention for the treatment of online addiction for college students in China: a pilot study of the Healthy Online Self-helping Center. Cyberpsychology Behavior Social Network, 14(9), 497-503.

Van der Wal, M. F., de Wit, C. A. M. y Hirashing, R. A. (2003). Psychosocial health among young victims and offenders of direct and indirect bullying. Pediatrics, 111, 1312-1317.
Wolak, J., Mitchell, K. J. y Finkelhor, D. (2007). Does online harassment constitute bullying? An exploration of online harassment by known peers and online-only contacts. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(6), 51-58.
Wolf, S. (2008). Peer groups: expanding our study of small group communication. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Young, K. S. (1996, agosto). Internet addiction: the emergence of a new clinical disorder. Trabajo presentado en la 104th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association. Toronto, Canadá.
Young, K. S. (1998). Caught in the net: how to recognize the signs of Internet addiction-and a winning strategy for recovery. Nueva York: Wiley.
Young, K. S. y Rodgers, R. C. (1998). The relationships between depression and Internet addiction. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 1, 25-28.
Young K. S. (2007). Cognitive behavior therapy with Internet addicts: treatment outcomes and implications. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 10, 671-679.

Downloads

Article abstract page views: 2515

Published

2019-09-02

Similar Articles