Uso problemático de Internet y variables psicológicas o físicas en estudiantes universitarios

Francisco Javier Hinojo-Lucena; Inmaculada Aznar-Díaz; Juan Manuel Trujillo-Torres; José María Romero-Rodríguez

doi:10.24320/redie.2021.23.e13.3167

Autores

Francisco Javier Hinojo-Lucena Universidad de Granada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9507-4058
Inmaculada Aznar-Díaz Universidad de Granada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0018-1150
Juan Manuel Trujillo-Torres Universidad de Granada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2761-3523
José María Romero-Rodríguez Universidad de Granada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9284-8919

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24320/redie.2021.23.e13.3167

Palabras clave:

internet, estudiante universitario, comportamiento, adicción, psicología

Resumen

El Uso Problemático de Internet (UPI) está siendo habitual entre los estudiantes universitarios. En este trabajo se propuso identificar las variables psicológicas y físicas asociadas al UPI y analizar su influencia en dichas variables. Se empleó una metodología de revisión sistemática con metanálisis, en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus. En la revisión se identificaron 51 estudios que incluyeron una muestra total de 136 760 sujetos. En cambio, para el metanálisis se identificaron 12 estudios. Los resultados mostraron que las principales variables psicológicas y físicas asociadas al UPI son la falta de autocontrol, ansiedad, baja autoestima, baja actividad física y baja autoeficacia académica. Sin embargo, el metanálisis recogió que sólo el UPI, donde se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, fue predictor de la ansiedad y baja autoestima. Por último, se discuten las implicaciones prácticas del trabajo y la necesidad de prevenir y educar en el buen uso de la tecnología.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Referencias

Baloğlu, M., Özteke, H. y Kesici, S. (2018). Gender differences in and the relationships between social anxiety and problematic internet use: Canonical analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(1), e33. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.8947

Bernal-Ruiz, C., Rosa-Alcázar, A., González-Calatayud, V. y Rosa-Alcázar, E. (2017). ¿Existe relación entre uso problemático de Internet y las respuestas de ansiedad social, obsesivo-compulsivas y el bienestar psicológico en adolescentes? Anales de Psicología, 33(2), 269-276. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.2.265831

Bozkurt, H., Coskun, M., Ayaydin, H., Adak, I. y Zoroglu, S. (2013). Prevalence and patterns of psychiatric disorders in referred adolescents with Internet addiction. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 67(5), 352-359. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12065

Çam, H. y Nur, N. (2015). A study on the prevalence of internet addiction and its association with psychopathological symptoms and obesity in adolescents. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 14(3), 181-188. https://doi.org/10.5455/pmb.20141016033204

Cao, H., Sun, Y., Wan, Y., Hao, J. y Tao, F. (2011). Problematic internet use in chinese adolescents and its relation to psychosomatic symptoms and life satisfaction. BMC Public Health, 11 (802) 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-802

Casale, S., Caplan, S. y Fioravanti, G. (2016). Positive metacognitions about internet use: The mediating role in the relationship between emotional dysregulation and problematic use. Addictive Behaviors, 59, 84-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.014

Castro, J., Vinaccia, S. y Ballester-Arnal, R. (2018). Ansiedad social, adicción al internet y al cibersexo: su relación con la percepción de salud. Terapia Psicológica, 36(3), 134-143. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082018000300134

Çelik, C. y Odaci, H. (2013). The relationship between problematic internet use and interpersonal cognitive distortions and life satisfaction in university students. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(3), 505-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.01.001

Chun, J. (2016). Effects of psychological problems, emotional dysregulation, and self-esteem on problematic internet use among Korean adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 68, 187-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.07.005

Cole, S. y Hooley, J. (2013). Clinical and personality correlates of MMO gaming: Anxiety and absorption in problematic internet use. Social Science Computer Review, 31(4), 424-436. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439312475280

Cudo, A., Dobosz, M., Jarząbek-Cudo, A. y Basaj, L. (2016). Problematic internet use and intrapersonal and interpersonal attitudes in adolescents. Advances in Psychiatry and Neurology, 25(3), 159-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pin.2016.08.005

Çuhadar, C. (2012). Exploration of problematic internet use and social interaction anxiety among Turkish pre-service teachers. Computers & Education, 59(2), 173-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.12.029

De Vries, H., Nakamae, T., Fukui, K., Denys, D. y Narumoto, J. (2018). Problematic internet use and psychiatric co-morbidity in a population of Japanese adult psychiatric patients. BMC Psychiatry, 18(9). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1588-z

Demirci, K., Akgönül, M. y Akpinar, A. (2015). Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(2), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.010

Derbyshire, K., Lust, K., Schreiber, L., Odlaug, B., Christenson, G., Golden, D. y Grant, J. (2013). Problematic internet use and associated risks in a college sample. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 54(5), 415-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.11.003

Díaz-Aguado, M., Martín-Babarro, J. y Falcón, L. (2018). Problematic internet use, maladaptive future time perspective and school context. Psicothema, 30(2), 195-200. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2017.282

Durak, M. y Şenol-Durak, E. (2013). Associations of social anxiety and depression with cognitions related to problematic internet use in youths. Education and Science, 38(169), 19-29. https://tinyurl.com/yjozkj9v

El Asam, A., Samara, M. y Terry, P. (2019). Problematic internet use and mental health among british children and adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 90, 428-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.007

Europa Press (7 de noviembre de 2017). España, el país con más smartphones por habitante del mundo. https://bit.ly/2WEQnbm

Fernández-Villa, T., Alguacil, J., Almaraz, A., Cancela, J., Delgado-Rodríguez, M., García-Martín, M., Jiménez-Mejías, E., Llorca, J., Molina, A., Ortíz, R., Valero-Juan, L. y Martín, V. (2015). Uso problemático de internet en estudiantes universitarios: factores asociados y diferencias de género. Adicciones, 27(4), 265-275. https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.751

García-Oliva, C., Piqueras, J. y Marzo, J. (2017). Uso problemático de internet, el móvil y los videojuegos en una muestra de adolescentes alicantinos. Health and Addictions, 17(2), 189-200. https://doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v17i2.331

Giménez, A., Luengo, J. y Bartrina, M. (2017). ¿Qué hacen los menores en internet? Usos de las TIC, estrategias de supervisión parental y exposición a riesgos. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 15(43), 533-552. https://doi.org/10.14204/ejrep.43.16123

Hinojo, F., Aznar, I., Romero, J. y Marín, J. (2019). Influencia del aula invertida en el rendimiento académico. Una revisión sistemática. Campus virtuales, 8(1), 9-18. http://uajournals.com/ojs/index.php/campusvirtuales/article/view/384

Huan, V., Ang, R. y Chye, S. (2014). Loneliness and shyness in adolescent problematic internet users: The role of social anxiety. Child & Youth Care Forum, 43, 539-551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-014-9252-3

Ioannidis, K., Treder, M., Chamberlain, S., Kiraly, F., Redden, S., Stein, D., Lochner, C. y Grant, J. (2018). Problematic internet use as an age-related multifaceted problem: evidence from a two-site survey. Addictive Behaviors, 81, 157-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.017

Ivezaj, V., Potenza, M., Grillo, C. y White, M. (2017). An exploratory examination of at-risk/problematic internet use and disordered eating in adults. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 301-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.015

Kelley, K. y Gruber, E. (2013). Problematic internet use and physical health. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2(2), 108-112. https://doi.org/10.1556/jba.1.2012.016

Kim, B., Chang, S., Park, J., Jeong, S., Hee, S. y Je, M. (2016). Prevalence, correlates, psychiatric comorbidities, and suicidality in a community population with problematic internet use. Psychiatry Research, 244, 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.07.009

Kim, H. y Davis, K. (2009). Toward a comprehensive theory of problematic internet use: evaluating the role of self-esteem, anxiety, flow, and the self-rated importance of internet activities. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(2), 490-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.11.001

Kitazawa, M., Yoshimura, M., Murata, M., Sato-Fujimoto, Y., Hitokoto, H., Mimura, M., Tsubota, K. y Kishimoto, T. (2018). Associations between problematic internet use and psychiatric symptoms among university students in Japan. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 72(7), 531-539. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12662

Kopecký, K. y Szotkowski, R. (2017). Cyberbullying, cyber aggression and their impact on the victim –the teacher. Telematics and Informatics, 34(2), 506-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2016.08.014

Koronczai, B., Kökönyei, G., Griffiths, M. y Demetrovics, Z. (2019). The relationship between personality traits, psychopathological symptoms, and problematic internet use: A complex mediation model. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(4), e11837. https://doi.org/doi:10.2196/11837

Laconi, S., Vigouroux, M., Lafuente, C. y Chabrol, H. (2017). Problematic internet use, psychopathology, personality, defense and coping. Computers in Human Behavior, 73, 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.025

Lee, B. y Stapinski, L. (2012). Seeking safety on the internet: relationship between social anxiety and problematic internet use. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(1), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.11.001

Lee, J., Kim, S., Bae, K., Kim, J., Shin, I., Yoon, J. y Kim, S. (2018). Prevalence and risk factors for problematic internet use among rural adolescents in Korea. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 10(2), e12310. https://doi.org/10.1111/appy.12310

Lei, H., Chiu, M. y Li, S. (2019). Subjective well-being and internet overuse: a meta-analysis of mainland Chinese students. Current Psychology, 39, 843-853. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00313-x

Lei, H., Li, S., Chiu, M. y Lu, M. (2018). Social support and internet addiction among mainland Chinese teenagers and young adults: a meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 85, 200-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.041

Machimbarrena, J., Calvete, E., Fernández-González, L., Álvarez-Bardón, A., Álvarez-Fernández, L. y González-Cabrera, J. (2018). Internet risks: an overview of victimization in cyberbullying, cyber dating abuse, sexting, online grooming and problematic internet use. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(11), 2471. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112471

Marín, M., Carballo, J. y Coloma, A. (2018). Rendimiento académico y cognitivo en el uso problemático de internet. Adicciones, 30(2), 101-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.844

Martínez, N. y Rodríguez-García, A. (2018). Alfabetización y competencia digital en personas mayores: el caso del aula permanente de formación abierta de la Universidad de Granada (España). Revista Espacios, 39(10), 37. https://www.revistaespacios.com/a18v39n10/a18v39n10p37.pdf

Mei, S., Yau, Y., Chai, J., Guo, J. y Potenza, M. (2016). Problematic internet use, well-being, self-esteem and self-control: data from a high-school survey in China. Addictive Behaviors, 61, 74-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.05.009

Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzla, J., Altman, D. y The PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097

Odaci, H. (2011). Academic self-efficacy and academic procrastination as predictors of problematic internet use in university students. Computers & Education, 57(1), 1109-1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.01.005

Odaci, H. (2013). Risk-taking behavior and academic self-efficacy as variables accounting for problematic internet use in adolescent university students. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(1), 183-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.09.011

Odaci, H. y Çelik, C. (2013). Who are problematic internet users? An investigation of the correlations between problematic internet use and shyness, loneliness, narcissism, aggression and self-perception. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2382-2387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.026

Odaci, H. y Çikrikci, Ö. (2017a). An exploration of the associations among internet use, depression, anxiety and stress among youths. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 5(3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/2017.5.1635

Odaci, H. y Çikrikci, Ö. (2017b). Differences in problematic internet use based on depression, anxiety, and stress levels. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 4(1), 41-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2017.4.1.0020

Odaci, H. y Kalkan, M. (2010). Problematic internet use, loneliness and dating anxiety among young adult university students. Computers & Education, 55(3), 1091-1097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.05.006

Özdemir, Y., Kuzucu, Y. y Ak, S. (2014). Depression, loneliness and internet addiction: How important is low self-control? Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 284-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.009

Park, S. y Lee, Y. (2017). Associations of body weight perception and weight control behaviors with problematic internet use among Korean adolescents. Psychiatry Research, 251, 275-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.095

Park, S., Kang, M. y Kim, E. (2014). Social relationship on problematic internet use (PIU) among adolescents in South Korea: A moderated mediation model of self-esteem and self-control. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 349-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.06.005

Perrella, R. y Caviglia, G. (2017). Internet addiction, self-esteem, and relational patterns in adolescents. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 14(1), 82-87. https://www.clinicalneuropsychiatry.org/download/internet-addiction-self-esteem-and-relational-patterns-in-adolescents/

Quesnel, D., Cook, B., Murray, K. y Zamudio, J. (2018). Inspiration or thinspiration: the association among problematic internet use, exercise dependence, and eating disorder risk. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 16(5), 1114-1124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-017-9834-z

Ramos-Galarza, C., Jadán-Guerrero, J., Paredes-Núñez, L., Bolaños-Pasquel, M. y Gómez-García, A. (2017). Procrastinación, adicción al internet y rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios ecuatorianos. Estudios Pedagógicos, 43(3), 275-289. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07052017000300016

Reisoğlu, I., Gedik, N. y Göktas, Y. (2013). Relationship between pre-service teachers’ levels of self-esteem, emotional intelligence and problematic internet use. Education and Science, 38(170), 150-164. https://tinyurl.com/yesmohr8

Rial, A., Golpe, S., Gómez, P. y Barreiro, C. (2015). Variables asociadas al uso problemático de internet entre adolescentes. Health and Addictions, 15(1), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v15i1.223

Rojas-Jaras, C., Henríquez, F., Sanhueza, F., Núñez, P., Inostroza, E., Solís, A. y Contreras, D. (2018). Adicción a nternet y uso de redes sociales en adolescentes: una revisión. Revista Española de Drogodependencias, 43(4), 39-54. https://www.aesed.com/upload/files/v43n4-2-rrss-r.pdf

Romano, M., Roaro, A., Re, F., Osborne, L., Truzoli, R. y Reed, P. (2017). Problematic internet users’ skin conductance and anxiety increase after exposure to the internet. Addictive Behaviors, 75, 70-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.003

Ruiz-Palmero, J., Sánchez-Rodríguez, J. y Trujillo-Torres, J. M. (2016). Utilización de internet y dependencia a teléfonos móviles en adolescentes. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 14(2), 1357-1369. http://revistaumanizales.cinde.org.co/rlcsnj/index.php/Revista-Latinoamericana/article/view/2611

Sánchez-Meca, J. (2010). Cómo realizar una revisión sistemática y un meta-análisis. Aula Abierta, 38(2), 53-64.

Sari, S. y Aydin, B. (2014). Problematic internet use and body mass index in university students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 54, 135-150.

Seabra, L., Loureiro, M., Pereira, H., Monteiro, S., Alfonso, R. y Esgalhado, G. (2017). Relationship between internet addiction and self-esteem: cross-cultural study in Portugal and Brazil. Interacting with Computers, 29(5), 767-778. https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwx011

Senol-Durak, E. y Durak, M. (2011). The mediator roles of life satisfaction and self-esteem between the affective components of psychological well-being and the cognitive symptoms of problematic internet use. Social Indicators Research, 103(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9694-4

Skues, J., Williams, B., Oldmeadow, J., y Wise, L. (2016). The effects of boredom, loneliness, and distress tolerance on problem internet use among university students. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 14(2), 167-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-015-9568-8

Sola, T., Aznar, I., Romero, J. y Rodríguez-García, A. (2019). Eficacia del método flipped classroom en la universidad: Meta-análisis de la producción científica de impacto. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación, 17(1), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.15366/reice2019.17.1.002

Symons, K., Vanwesenbeeck, I., Walrave, M., Van Ouytsel, J. y Ponnet, K. (2019). Parents’ concerns over internet use, their engagement in interaction restrictions, and adolescents’ behavior on social networking sites. Youth & Society, 52(8), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X19834769

Tabachuk, N., Ledovskikh, I., Shulika, N., Kazinets, V. y Polichka, A. (2018). Internet activity and internet addiction: Where is the borderline in developing one’s information competency? EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(12), em1640. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/97828

Throuvala, M., Griffiths, M., Rennoldson, M. y Kuss, D. (2019). School-based prevention for adolescent internet addiction: Prevention is the key. A systematic literature review. Current Neuropharmacology, 17(6), 507-525. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X16666180813153806

Tokunaga, R. (2014). A unique problem or the manifestation of a preexisting disorder? The mediating role of problematic internet use in the relationships between psychosocial problems and functional impairment. Communication Research, 41(4), 531-560. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650212450910

Truzoli, R., Osborne, L., Romano, M. y Reed, P. (2016). The relationship between schizotypal personality and internet addiction in university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 19-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.010

Tsitsika, A., Andrie, E., Psaltopoulou, T., Tzavara, C., Sergentanis, T., Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, I., Bacopoulou, F., Richardson, C., Chrousos, G. y Tsolia, M. (2016). Association between problematic internet use, socio-demographic variables and obesity among European adolescents. The European Journal of Public Health, 26(4), 617-622. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckw028

Varo, C., Murru, A., Salagre, E., Jiménez, E., Solé, B., Montejo, L., Carvalho, A., Stubbs, B., Grande, I., Martínez-Arán, A., Vieta, E. y Reinares, M. (2019). Behavioral addictions in bipolar disorders: A systematic review. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 29(1), 76-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.10.012

We are social (2019). Digital in 2019. España. https://bit.ly/2MNyJyO

Yau, Y., Potenza, M. y White, M. (2013). Problematic internet use, mental health and impulse control in an online survey of adults. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2(2), 72-81. https://doi.org/10.1556/jba.1.2012.015

Zegarra, C. y Cuba, M. (2017). Frecuencia de adicción a internet y desarrollo de habilidades sociales en adolescentes de una localidad urbana de Lima. Medwave, 17(1), e6857. https://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2017.01.6857

Zheng, Y., Wei, D., Li, J., Zhu, T. y Ning, H. (2016). Internet use and its impact on individual physical health. IEEE Access, 4, 5135-5142. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2602301