Public and Household Spending in Private, Publicly-Funded Private and Public Schools in Spain during the Economic Crisis (2007-2012)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24320/redie.2019.21.e18.1756Keywords:
Education policy, publicly-funded private schools public spending, household spending, economic crisis.Abstract
In Spain, the economic crisis was characterised by cut-backs in public spending on education services and a reduction in households’ purchasing power. This article aims: (1) to analyse public spending per student in private, publicly-funded private and public schools from 2007 to 2012; (2) to determine whether household spending on education per student rose in that period; and (3) to ascertain whether the differences among types of school by their students’ socio-economic backgrounds varied in the period studied. Public spending for public and publicly-funded private schools was cut back and increased for private schools. Household spending rose in public and in private institutions and was stable in publicly-funded private schools. Inter-category differences in the breakdown of student bodies by socio-economic background were not observed to change.Downloads
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References
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Bonal, X. (2002). El balance público-privado en el sistema de enseñanza español: evolución y efectos sobre las desigualdades educativas [The public-private balance in the Spanish education system: evolution and effects on educational inequalities]. Educar, 29, 11-29.
Burch, P. (2009). Hidden markets. The new education privatization. New York: Routledge.
Choi, A., & Calero, J. (2012). Rendimiento académico y titularidad de centro en España [Academic performance and ownership of the center in Spain]. Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado, 16(3), 31-57.
Cordero, J. M., Crespo, E., & Pedraja, F. (2013). Rendimiento Educativo y Determinantes según PISA: una revisión de la literatura en España. [Educational performance and determinants according to PISA: a review of the literature in Spain]. Revista de Educación, 362, 273-297.
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Dronkers, J., & Avram, S. (2010). A cross-national analysis of the relations of school choice and effectiveness differences between private-dependent and public schools. Educational Research and Evaluation, 16(2), 151-175.
Dynarski, S., Hoxby, C., Loveless, T., Schneider, M., Whitehurst, G., & Witte, J. (2010). Charter schools: a report on rethinking the federal role in education. Washington: The Brookings Institution.
Escardíbul, J. O., & Villarroya, A. (2009). The inequalities in school choice in Spain in accordance to PISA data. Journal of Education Policy, 24(6), 673-696. doi:10.1080/02680930903131259
Eurydice. (2013). Funding of education in Europe 2000-2012: The impact of the economic crisis. Eurydice Report. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2797/50340
Fernández, R., & Muñiz, M. (2012). Colegios Concertados y Selección de Escuela en España: un Círculo Vicioso [Concerted schools and school selection in Spain: a vicious circle]. Presupuesto y Gasto Público, 67, 97-118.
Forman, J. (2007). Do charter schools threaten public education? Emerging evidence from fifteen years of a quasi-market for schooling. University of Illinois Law Review, 3, 839-880.
García, F. J., Olmos, A., Rubio, M., & Capellán, L. (2014). Sobre agrupamiento, concentración, segregación o guetización escolar: claves para un análisis interpretativo de tales situaciones y procesos. In C. Blanco (Ed.), Movilidad humana y diversidad social en un contexto de crisis económica internacional (pp.253-276). Madrid: Trotta.
Gorard, S., Hordosy, R., &. See, B. H. (2013). Narrowing down the determinants of between-school segregation: An analysis of the intake to all schools in England, 1989-2011. Journal of School Choice, 7(2), 182-195. doi:10.1080/15582159.2013.791182
Hanushek, E. A. (2013). Financing schools. In J. Hattie & E. M. Anderman (Eds.), International guide to student achievement (pp.134-136). New York: Routledge.
Hartley, D. (2010). Rhetorics of regulation in education after the global economic crisis. Journal of Education Policy, 25(6), 785-791. doi:10.1080/02680939.2010.504887.
Herrero, C., Soler, A. & Villar, A. (2013). Desarrollo y Pobreza en España y sus Comunidades Autónomas: el Impacto de la Crisis. Papeles de economía española, 138, 98-113.
Jacott, L., & Maldonado, A. (2006). The centros concertados in Spain, parental demand and implications for equity. European Journal of Education, 41(1), 97-111. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3435.2006.00249.x
Jenkins, S. P., Micklewright, J. & Schnepf, S.V. (2008). Social segregation in secondary schools: How does england compare with other countries? Oxford Review of Education. 34(1), 21-37. doi:10.1080/03054980701542039
Mancebón-Torrubia, M. J., & Pérez-Ximénez, D. (2007). Conciertos educativos y selección académica y social del alumnado. Hacienda Pública Española, 180, 77-106.
Mancebón-Torrubia, M. J., & Pérez-Ximénez, D. (2010). Una valoración del grado de segregación socioeconómica existente en el sistema educativo español. Un análisis por comunidades autónomas a partir de PISA 2006. Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies, 10(3), 129-148.
Mehrotra, S., & DelaMonica, E. (1998). Household costs and public expenditure on primary education in five low income countries: A comparative analysis. International Journal of Educational Development, 18(1), 41-61. doi:10.1016/S0738-0593(97)00043-6
Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. (2014). Economic resources. Public spending. Retrieved from http://www.mecd.gob.es/servicios-al-ciudadano-mecd/estadisticas/educacion/recursos-economicos/gasto-publico/series.html.
Mourshed, M., Chijioke, C., & Barber, M. (2010). How the world's most improved school systems keep getting better. London: McKinsey & Company.
Narodowski, M., & Moschetti, M. (2015). The growth of private education in Argentina: Evidence and explantions. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Educación, 45(1), 47-69. doi:10.1080/03057925.2013.829348
OECD. (2002). Education at a glance. Glossary. Paris: Author.
OECD. (2012). Public and private schools: How management and funding relate to their socio-economic profile. Paris: Author. doi:10.1787/9789264175006-en.
OECD. (2013). PISA 2012 results: excellence through equity (Volume II): Giving every student the chance to succeed. Paris: Author. doi:10.1787/9789264201132-en
OECD. (2014). Education at a glance 2014: OECD indicators. Paris: Author. doi:10.1787/eag-2014-en.
Patrinos, H. A. (2013). Private education provision and public finance: The Nederlands. Education Economics, 21(4), 342-414. doi:10.1080/09645292.2011.568696
Pérez-Díaz, V., & Rodríguez, J.C. (2011). Diagnóstico y reforma de la educación general en España. In V. Pérez-Díaz, J. C. Rodríguez, F. Felgueroso y S. Jiménez-Martín (Eds.), Reformas necesarias para potenciar el crecimiento de la economía española (pp. 13-205). Madrid: Civitas-Thompon Reuters.
Rogero-García, J., & Andrés-Candelas, M. (2014). Gasto público y de las familias en educación es España: diferencias entre centros públicos y concertados. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 147, 121-132. doi:10.5477/cis/reis.147.121.
Salinas, J., & Santín, D. (2012). Selección escolar y efectos de la inmigración sobre los resultados académicos españoles en PISA 2006. Revista de Educación, 358, 382-405. doi:10.4438/1988-592X-RE-2011-358-083.
Sirin, S. R. (2005). Socioeconomic status and academic achievement: a meta-analytic review of research. Review of Educational Research, 75(3), 417-453. doi:10.3102/00346543075003417.
UNESCO. (2008). EFA global monitoring report. Education for all by 2015 will we make it? Oxford University Press.
Valverde, A. J. (2004). La peculiar relación de trabajo de los profesores de enseñanza privada concertada: en particular sobre su régimen salarial. La paga extraordinaria por antigüedad. Temas laborales 73, 291-309.
Villarroya, A. (2003). La financiación pública de la enseñanza privada no universitaria en España. Revista de Educación, 330, 187-204.
Wiborg, S. (2013). Neo-liberalism and universal state education: the cases of Denmark, Norway and Sweden 1980-2011. Comparative Education, 49(4), 407-423. doi:10.1080/03050068.2012.700436.
Williams, J., & Rossiter, A. (2004). Choice: the evidence. The operation of choice systems in practice: national and international evidence. London: Social Market Foundation.
Wolf, F., & Zohlnhöfer, R. (2009). Investing in human capital? The determinants of private education expenditure in 26 OECD countries. Journal of European Social Policy, 19(3), 230-244. doi:10.1177/0958928709104738
Zajda, J. (2006). Introduction: decentralisation and privatisation in education: The role of the state. In J. Zajda (Ed.), Decentralisation and privatisation in education: the role of the state (pp. 3-27). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Ammermueller, A., & Pischke, J. S. (2009). Peer effects in european primary schools: Evidence from the progress in international reading literacy study. Journal of Labor Economics, 27(3), 315-348. doi:10.1086/603650
Ball, S. J. (2014). Globalización, mercantilización y privatización: tendencias internacionales en Educación y Política Educativa. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 22(41), 1-13. doi:10.14507/epaa.v22n41.2014
Ball, S. J., & Youdell, D. (2007). Hidden privatization in public education. Brussels: Education International.
Bayona, B. (2013). Los ejes de la LOMCE. Forum Aragón, 7, 13-15.
Bonal, X. (2002). El balance público-privado en el sistema de enseñanza español: evolución y efectos sobre las desigualdades educativas [The public-private balance in the Spanish education system: evolution and effects on educational inequalities]. Educar, 29, 11-29.
Burch, P. (2009). Hidden markets. The new education privatization. New York: Routledge.
Choi, A., & Calero, J. (2012). Rendimiento académico y titularidad de centro en España [Academic performance and ownership of the center in Spain]. Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado, 16(3), 31-57.
Cordero, J. M., Crespo, E., & Pedraja, F. (2013). Rendimiento Educativo y Determinantes según PISA: una revisión de la literatura en España. [Educational performance and determinants according to PISA: a review of the literature in Spain]. Revista de Educación, 362, 273-297.
doi:10.4438/1988-592X-RE-2011-362-161
Dronkers, J., & Avram, S. (2010). A cross-national analysis of the relations of school choice and effectiveness differences between private-dependent and public schools. Educational Research and Evaluation, 16(2), 151-175.
Dynarski, S., Hoxby, C., Loveless, T., Schneider, M., Whitehurst, G., & Witte, J. (2010). Charter schools: a report on rethinking the federal role in education. Washington: The Brookings Institution.
Escardíbul, J. O., & Villarroya, A. (2009). The inequalities in school choice in Spain in accordance to PISA data. Journal of Education Policy, 24(6), 673-696. doi:10.1080/02680930903131259
Eurydice. (2013). Funding of education in Europe 2000-2012: The impact of the economic crisis. Eurydice Report. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi:10.2797/50340
Fernández, R., & Muñiz, M. (2012). Colegios Concertados y Selección de Escuela en España: un Círculo Vicioso [Concerted schools and school selection in Spain: a vicious circle]. Presupuesto y Gasto Público, 67, 97-118.
Forman, J. (2007). Do charter schools threaten public education? Emerging evidence from fifteen years of a quasi-market for schooling. University of Illinois Law Review, 3, 839-880.
García, F. J., Olmos, A., Rubio, M., & Capellán, L. (2014). Sobre agrupamiento, concentración, segregación o guetización escolar: claves para un análisis interpretativo de tales situaciones y procesos. In C. Blanco (Ed.), Movilidad humana y diversidad social en un contexto de crisis económica internacional (pp.253-276). Madrid: Trotta.
Gorard, S., Hordosy, R., &. See, B. H. (2013). Narrowing down the determinants of between-school segregation: An analysis of the intake to all schools in England, 1989-2011. Journal of School Choice, 7(2), 182-195. doi:10.1080/15582159.2013.791182
Hanushek, E. A. (2013). Financing schools. In J. Hattie & E. M. Anderman (Eds.), International guide to student achievement (pp.134-136). New York: Routledge.
Hartley, D. (2010). Rhetorics of regulation in education after the global economic crisis. Journal of Education Policy, 25(6), 785-791. doi:10.1080/02680939.2010.504887.
Herrero, C., Soler, A. & Villar, A. (2013). Desarrollo y Pobreza en España y sus Comunidades Autónomas: el Impacto de la Crisis. Papeles de economía española, 138, 98-113.
Jacott, L., & Maldonado, A. (2006). The centros concertados in Spain, parental demand and implications for equity. European Journal of Education, 41(1), 97-111. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3435.2006.00249.x
Jenkins, S. P., Micklewright, J. & Schnepf, S.V. (2008). Social segregation in secondary schools: How does england compare with other countries? Oxford Review of Education. 34(1), 21-37. doi:10.1080/03054980701542039
Mancebón-Torrubia, M. J., & Pérez-Ximénez, D. (2007). Conciertos educativos y selección académica y social del alumnado. Hacienda Pública Española, 180, 77-106.
Mancebón-Torrubia, M. J., & Pérez-Ximénez, D. (2010). Una valoración del grado de segregación socioeconómica existente en el sistema educativo español. Un análisis por comunidades autónomas a partir de PISA 2006. Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies, 10(3), 129-148.
Mehrotra, S., & DelaMonica, E. (1998). Household costs and public expenditure on primary education in five low income countries: A comparative analysis. International Journal of Educational Development, 18(1), 41-61. doi:10.1016/S0738-0593(97)00043-6
Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. (2014). Economic resources. Public spending. Retrieved from http://www.mecd.gob.es/servicios-al-ciudadano-mecd/estadisticas/educacion/recursos-economicos/gasto-publico/series.html.
Mourshed, M., Chijioke, C., & Barber, M. (2010). How the world's most improved school systems keep getting better. London: McKinsey & Company.
Narodowski, M., & Moschetti, M. (2015). The growth of private education in Argentina: Evidence and explantions. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Educación, 45(1), 47-69. doi:10.1080/03057925.2013.829348
OECD. (2002). Education at a glance. Glossary. Paris: Author.
OECD. (2012). Public and private schools: How management and funding relate to their socio-economic profile. Paris: Author. doi:10.1787/9789264175006-en.
OECD. (2013). PISA 2012 results: excellence through equity (Volume II): Giving every student the chance to succeed. Paris: Author. doi:10.1787/9789264201132-en
OECD. (2014). Education at a glance 2014: OECD indicators. Paris: Author. doi:10.1787/eag-2014-en.
Patrinos, H. A. (2013). Private education provision and public finance: The Nederlands. Education Economics, 21(4), 342-414. doi:10.1080/09645292.2011.568696
Pérez-Díaz, V., & Rodríguez, J.C. (2011). Diagnóstico y reforma de la educación general en España. In V. Pérez-Díaz, J. C. Rodríguez, F. Felgueroso y S. Jiménez-Martín (Eds.), Reformas necesarias para potenciar el crecimiento de la economía española (pp. 13-205). Madrid: Civitas-Thompon Reuters.
Rogero-García, J., & Andrés-Candelas, M. (2014). Gasto público y de las familias en educación es España: diferencias entre centros públicos y concertados. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 147, 121-132. doi:10.5477/cis/reis.147.121.
Salinas, J., & Santín, D. (2012). Selección escolar y efectos de la inmigración sobre los resultados académicos españoles en PISA 2006. Revista de Educación, 358, 382-405. doi:10.4438/1988-592X-RE-2011-358-083.
Sirin, S. R. (2005). Socioeconomic status and academic achievement: a meta-analytic review of research. Review of Educational Research, 75(3), 417-453. doi:10.3102/00346543075003417.
UNESCO. (2008). EFA global monitoring report. Education for all by 2015 will we make it? Oxford University Press.
Valverde, A. J. (2004). La peculiar relación de trabajo de los profesores de enseñanza privada concertada: en particular sobre su régimen salarial. La paga extraordinaria por antigüedad. Temas laborales 73, 291-309.
Villarroya, A. (2003). La financiación pública de la enseñanza privada no universitaria en España. Revista de Educación, 330, 187-204.
Wiborg, S. (2013). Neo-liberalism and universal state education: the cases of Denmark, Norway and Sweden 1980-2011. Comparative Education, 49(4), 407-423. doi:10.1080/03050068.2012.700436.
Williams, J., & Rossiter, A. (2004). Choice: the evidence. The operation of choice systems in practice: national and international evidence. London: Social Market Foundation.
Wolf, F., & Zohlnhöfer, R. (2009). Investing in human capital? The determinants of private education expenditure in 26 OECD countries. Journal of European Social Policy, 19(3), 230-244. doi:10.1177/0958928709104738
Zajda, J. (2006). Introduction: decentralisation and privatisation in education: The role of the state. In J. Zajda (Ed.), Decentralisation and privatisation in education: the role of the state (pp. 3-27). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
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Published
2019-05-28
