ICT Appropriation by Mexican Students Whose Parents are Professionals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24320/redie.2026.28.e01.7239Keywords:
parent education, ICT, technology transfer, educational managementAbstract
This study examines the influence of parents’ occupations on their children’s ICT proficiency in Mexico, highlighting its importance for academic success and social integration in a digitalized educational environment. Using data from PISA 2018, the study analyzes the responses of 1,043 students who have at least one professional parent. By focusing on professional parents who are heavy ICT users, the study aims to identify the social and cultural factors that influence the transfer to children. The research employs partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to validate a second-order construct that integrates ICT use frequency and ICT usage, skills and autonomy in ICT use, and ICT as a topic in social interaction. This methodological approach allows for a nuanced analysis of the relationships between these constructs and their impact on children’s ICT proficiency. The study also explores variations based on different combinations of one professional parent and other occupations for the second parent, highlighting a gender effect on domestic support of children, moderated by the gender division of ICT use within occupational settings and evolving patterns of parenting. This occupational approach to acquisition processes, rarely addressed by research, offers some original insights for reflection and action.
Downloads
References
Antonoplis, S. (2022). Studying socioeconomic status: Conceptual problems and an alternative path forward. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 18(2), 275–292. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916221093615
Avvisati, F. (2020). The measure of socio-economic status in PISA: A review and some suggested improvements. Large-Scale Assessments in Education, 8(8), 1-37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-020-00086-x
Becker, J.-M., Cheah, J.-H., Gholamzade, R., Ringle, C. M. and Sarstedt, M. (2023). PLS-SEM’s most wanted guidance. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(1), 321–346. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-04-2022-0474
Becker, J.-M., Klein, K., & Wetzels, M. (2012). Hierarchical latent variable models in PLS-SEM: Guidelines for using reflective-formative type models. Long Range Planning, 45(5-6), 359–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.10.001
Caparrós, A. (2021). ICTs usage and skills matching at work: Some evidence from Spain. International Journal of Manpower, 42(6), 1064–1083. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-03-2020-0103
Chen, B.-C., Wu, Y.-T., & Chuang, Y.-T. (2024). The impact of teachers’ perceived competence in information and communication technology usage, and workplace anxiety on well-being, as mediated by emotional exhaustion. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1404575. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1404575
Chiao, C., & Chiu, C.-H. (2018). The mediating effect of ICT usage on the relationship between students’ socioeconomic status and achievement. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 27, 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-018-0370-9
Chiu, M.-S. (2020). Exploring models for increasing the effects of school information and communication technology use on learning outcomes through outside-school use and socioeconomic status mediation: The Ecological Techno-Process. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68, 413–436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09707-x
Correa, T., Pavez, I., & Contreras, J. (2020). Digital inclusion through mobile phones?: A comparison between mobile-only and computer users in internet access, skills and use. Information, Communication & Society, 23(7), 1074–1091. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1555270
Diogo, A. M., Silva, P., & Viana, J. (2018). Children’s use of ICT, family mediation, and social inequalities. Issues in Educational Research, 28(1), 61–76. http://www.iier.org.au/iier28/diogo.pdf
Dodel, M. (2015). E‐skill’s effect on occupational attainment: A PISA‐based panel study. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 69(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2015.tb00497.x
Gómez, N., Tobarra, M.-Á., & López, L. -A. (2014). Employment opportunities in Spain: Gender differences by education and ICT usage. Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies, 14(3), 105–130. https://ideas.repec.org/a/eaa/eerese/v14y2014i3_7.html
Granato, S., & Schnepf, S. V. (2025). Why are lower socioeconomic background students underrepresented in Erasmus? A focus on the selection into mobility and degree course organization. Studies in Higher Education, 50(3), 638–652. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2024.2349963
Gruchel, N., Kurock, R., Bonanati, S., & Buhl, H. M. (2024). Children’s information-related internet use at home: The role of the quantity and quality of parental support and children’s motivation. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 39(3), 512–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2024.2376099
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Hark, N. (2023). Views of parents on digital parenting competencies. International Journal on Social and Education Sciences, 5(3), 452–474. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijonses.500
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Hong, J., Liu, W., & Zhang, Q. (2024). Closing the digital divide: The impact of teachers’ ICT use on student achievement in China. Journal of Comparative Economics, 52(3), 697–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2024.06.003
Hori, R., & Fujii, M. (2021). Impact of using ICT for learning purposes on self-efficacy and persistence: Evidence from PISA 2018. Sustainability, 13(11), 6463. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116463
Hübner, N., Fahrbach, T., Lachner, A., & Scherer, R. (2023). What predicts students’ future ICT literacy? Evidence from a large-scale study conducted in different stages of secondary school. Computers & Education, 203, 104847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104847
International Labour Organization. (2023). The International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08. Department of Statistics. ILO.
Keen, C., & France, A. (2024). Capital gains in a digital society: Exploring how familial habitus shapes digital dispositions and outcomes in three families from Aotearoa, New Zealand. New Media & Society, 26(8), 4554–4571. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221122228
Kunina-Habenicht, O., & Goldhammer, F. (2020). ICT Engagement: A new construct and its assessment in PISA 2015. Large-Scale Assessments in Education, 8, 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-020-00084-z
Li, S. C., & Zhu, J. (2023). Cognitive-motivational engagement in ICT mediates the effect of ICT use on academic achievements: Evidence from 52 countries. Computers & Education, 204, 104871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104871
Loh, R. S. M., Kraaykamp, G., & van Hek, M. (2023). Student ICT resources and intergenerational transmission of educational inequality: Testing implications of a reproduction and mobility perspective. European Sociological Review, 39(5), 804–819. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcad008
Ma, Y., & Qin, X. (2021). Measurement invariance of information, communication and technology (ICT) engagement and its relationship with student academic literacy: Evidence from PISA 2018. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 68, 100982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2021.100982
Matthews, L. (2017). Applying multigroup analysis in PLS-SEM: A step-by-step process. In E. H. Latan & R. Noonan (Eds.), Partial least squares path modeling: Basic concepts, methodological issues and applications (pp. 219–243). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64069-3_10
Micheli, M. (2015). What is new in the digital divide? Understanding internet use by teenagers from different social backgrounds. In E. L. Robinson, S. R. Cotten, J. Schulz, T. M. Hale, & A. Williams (Eds.), Studies in Media and Communications (Vol. 10, pp. 55–87). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2050-206020150000010003
Nico, M. (2021). Identity and change of a field: A literature analysis of the concept of social mobility. Social Science Information, 60(3), 457-478. https://doi.org/10.1177/05390184211022178
Ojo, A. O., Arasanmi, C. N., Raman, M., & Tan, C. N.-L. (2019). Ability, motivation, opportunity and sociodemographic determinants of Internet usage in Malaysia. Information Development, 35(5), 819–830. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666918804859
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2019). A note about Spain in PISA 2018.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2020). PISA 2018 technical background.
Panigrahi, R., Srivastava, P. R., Panigrahi, P. K., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2022). Role of internet self-efficacy and interactions on blended learning effectiveness. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 62(6), 1239–1252. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2021.2004565
Qazi, A., Hasan, N., Abayomi-Alli, O., Hardaker, G., Scherer, R., Sarker, Y., Kumar, S., & Maitama, J. Z. (2022). Gender differences in information and communication technology use & skills: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Education and Information Technologies, 27, 4225–4258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10775-x
Ragnedda, M. (2017). The third digital divide: A Weberian approach to digital inequalities. Routledge.
Ren, W., Zhu, X., & Yang, J. (2022). The SES-based difference of adolescents’ digital skills and usages: An explanation from family cultural capital. Computers & Education, 177, 104382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104382
Scheerder, A., van Deursen, A., & van Dijk, J. (2017). Determinants of Internet skills, uses and outcomes. A systematic review of the second- and third-level digital divide. Telematics and Informatics, 34(8), 1607–1624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.07.007
Scherer, R., & Siddiq, F. (2019). The relation between students’ socioeconomic status and ICT literacy: Findings from a meta-analysis. Computers & Education, 138, 13–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.04.011
Silva, P., Diogo, A. M., Coelho, C., Fernandes, C., & Viana, J. (2015). Children’s practices of ICT and social inequalities: On the uses of the Magalhães computer in two school communities. In S. Pereira (Ed.), Digital Literacy, Technology and Social Inclusion (pp. 345–375). Húmus.
Toudert, D. (2024). Accesibilidad digital: Sensibilidad al tamaño de localidades y los estratos socioeconómicos en México [Digital accessibility: Sensitivity to city size and socioeconomic strata in Mexico]. Empiria. Revista de Metodología de Ciencias Sociales, (61), 15–39. https://doi.org/10.5944/empiria.61.2024.41279
Toudert, D. (2025). Brecha digital: relato de una guerra perdida [Digital divide: The story of a lost war]. El Colegio de la Frontera Norte. https://doi.org/10.33679/CFN.9786074796018
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2012). International Standard Classification of Education ISCED 2011. Institute for Statistics. UNESCO.
Weber, M., & Becker, B. (2019). Browsing the web for school: Social inequality in adolescents’ school-related use of the internet. Sage Open, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019859955
Wright, E. (2005). Approaches to class analysis (Ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Yates, S., & Lockley, E. (2018). Social media and social class. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(9), 1291–1316. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764218773821
Yuen, A. H., Park, J., Chen, L., & Cheng, M. (2018). The significance of cultural capital and parental mediation for digital inequity. New Media & Society, 20(2), 599–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816667084
Zelalem, A., Melesse, S., & Seifu, A. (2022). Teacher educators’ self-efficacy and perceived practices of differentiated instruction in Ethiopian primary teacher education programs: Teacher education colleges in Amhara regional state in focus. Cogent Education, 9(1), 2018909. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.2018909
Zhang, Y., Cao, H., Zhang, W., & Wang, Y. (2023). How digital skills influence on digital participation in China? The mediating roles of online interpersonal communication and online immersion. Sage Open, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231218786
Zhao, C., & Chen, B. (2023). ICT in education can improve students’ achievements in rural China: The role of parents, educators and authorities. Journal of Policy Modeling, 45(2), 320–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2023.02.007
Downloads
-
HTML
-
PDF
-
ABSTRACT AUDIOENGLISH 26
Article abstract page views: 181
Published
2026-04-23License
Copyright (c) 2026 Djamel Toudert

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.





