La experiencia universitaria y la profesión académica
Palabras clave:
Académicos, educación superior, decisiones vocacionales, desarrollo estudiantes, experiencia universitaria, profesión académica.Resumen
La identificación, reclutamiento y fomento al desarrollo de futuros académicos es de vital importancia para la renovación de la profesión académica. Este trabajo discute la influencia de la experiencia universitaria en la decisión de los estudiantes de perseguir una carrera académica. Considerando la naturaleza del trabajo académico, se describen algunas de las características personales más apropiadas para dicho trabajo; así como la manera en como la experiencia universitaria tiene un impacto sobre ellas. Luego de concebir la decisión de convertirse en académico como una elección vocacional, el trabajo concluye con la recomendación de algunas políticas que pudieran ser útiles para las instituciones interesadas en identificar y apoyar a aquellos estudiantes con el potencial de incorporarse exitosamente a la profesión académica.
Abstract
The identification, recruitment and nurturing of future scholars is of vital importance for the renewal of the academic profession. This paper discusses the influence of the college experience on students’ decisions to pursue an academic career. Taking into consideration the nature of academic work, it describes the personal qualities most suitable for such a work, as well as the impact the university experience has on them. After discussing the decision of becoming an academic as a vocational choice, the paper ends with some policy recommendations for institutions interested in identifying and supporting students with the potential for going successfully into the academic profession.Keywords: Faculty, academic profession, vocational choice, student development, college experience.
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Referencias
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Astin, A.W. (1984). Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25(4), 297-308.
Astin, A.W. (1993). An empirical typology of college students. Journal of College Student Development, 34(1), 36-46.
Baird, L.L. (1976). Who goes to graduate school and how they get there. In J. Katz, and R.T. Hartnett (Eds.), Scholars in the making (pp. 19-48). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Bowen, H.R., and Schuster, J.H. (1986). American professors: A national resource imperiled. New York: Oxford University Press.
Boyer, E.L. (1990). Scholarship reconsidered: Priorities of the professoriate. Princeton, NJ: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Becher, T. (1989). Academic tribes and territories: Intellectual enquiry and the cultures of disciplines. Bristol, UK: Society for Research into Higher Education, and Open University Press.
Braskamp, L.A., and Ory, J.C. (1994). Assessing faculty work: Enhancing individual and institutional performance. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Brower, A.M. (1992). The "second half" of student integration: The effects of life task predominance on student persistence. Journal of Higher Education, 63(4), 441-462.
Cabrera, A.F., Castañeda, M.B., Nora, A., and Hengstler, D. (1992). The convergence between two theories of college persistence. Journal of Higher Education, 63(2), 143-164.
Clark, B.R. (1987). The academic life: Small worlds, different worlds. Princeton, NJ: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Duncan, B.L. (1976). Minority students. In J. Katz and R.T. Hartnett (Eds.), Scholars in the making: The development of graduate and professional students (pp. 227-242). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Farmer, H.S., Wardrop, J.L., Anderson, M.Z., and Risinger, R. (1995). Women's career choices: Focus on science, math, and technology careers. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(2), 155-170.
Finkelstein, M.J. (1984). The American academic profession: A synthesis of social scientific inquiry since World War II. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.
Flood, B.J., and Moll, J.K. (1990). The professor business: A teacher primer for faculty. Medford, NJ: Learned Information.
Herndon, S. (1984). Factors that differentiate between persisters and dropouts among recipients of financial aid. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25(4), 367-368.
Herr, E.L., Rayman, J.R., and Garis, J.W. (1993). Handbook for the college and university career center. Westport, CO: Greenwood Press.
Hetherington, C., and Davis, J. (1984). An entering year program: Assisting with university retention. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25(6), 551-552.
Hoyte, R.M., and Collett, J. (1993). "I can do it:" Minority undergraduate science experiences and the professional career choice. In J. Gainen, and R. Boice (Eds.), Building a diverse faculty (pp. 81-90). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Katz, J. (1976). Development of the mind. In J. Katz and R.T. Hartnett (Eds.), Scholars in the making: The development of graduate and professional students (pp. 107-126). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Kirk, D., and Todd-Mancillas, W.R. (1991). Turning points in graduate student socialization: Implications for recruiting future faculty. The Review of Higher Education, 14(3), 407-422.
Nora, A. (1990). Campus-based aid programs as determinants of retention among Hispanic community college students. Journal of Higher Education, 61(3), 312-331.
Pascarella, E.T. (1985). The influence of on-campus living versus commuting to college on intellectual and interpersonal self-concept. Journal of College Student Personnel, 26(4), 292-299.
Pascarella, E.T., and Terenzini, P.T. (1991). How college affects students. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Pelikan, J. (1983). Scholarship and its survival: Questions on the idea of graduate education. Princeton, NJ: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Perkin, H.J. (1987). The academic profession in the United Kingdom. In B.R. Clark (Ed.), The academic profession: National, disciplinary, and institutional settings (pp. 13-59). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Pflaum, S.W., Pascarella, and Duby, P. (1985). The effects of honors college participation on academic performance during the freshman year. Journal of College Student Personnel, 26(5), 414-419.
Phelan, W.T. (1979). Undergraduate orientations towards scientific and scholarly careers. American Educational Research Journal, 16(4), 411-422.
Richardson, R.C.Jr, and Skinner, E.F. (1990). Adapting to diversity: Organizational influences on student achievement. Journal of Higher Education, 61(5), 485-511.
Rudd, R. (1985). A new look at postgraduate failure. Worcester, England: The Society for Research into Higher Education & NFER-NELSON.
Ruscio, K.P. (1987). Many sector, many professions. In B.R. Clark (Ed.), The academic profession: National, disciplinary, and institutional settings (pp. 331-368). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition (2nd. Ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Townsend, L. (1994, Summer). How universities successfully retain and graduate Black students. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 85-89.
Weinrach, S.G., and Srebalus, D.J. (1990). Holland's theory of careers. In D. Brown, L. Brooks and Associates, Career choice and development (2nd. Ed.) (pp. 37-67). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Wisniewski, R. (1989). The ideal professor of education. In R. Wisniewski and E.R. Ducharme (Eds.), The profession of teaching: An inquiry (pp. 134-146). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Astin, A.W. (1984). Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25(4), 297-308.
Astin, A.W. (1993). An empirical typology of college students. Journal of College Student Development, 34(1), 36-46.
Baird, L.L. (1976). Who goes to graduate school and how they get there. In J. Katz, and R.T. Hartnett (Eds.), Scholars in the making (pp. 19-48). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Bowen, H.R., and Schuster, J.H. (1986). American professors: A national resource imperiled. New York: Oxford University Press.
Boyer, E.L. (1990). Scholarship reconsidered: Priorities of the professoriate. Princeton, NJ: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Becher, T. (1989). Academic tribes and territories: Intellectual enquiry and the cultures of disciplines. Bristol, UK: Society for Research into Higher Education, and Open University Press.
Braskamp, L.A., and Ory, J.C. (1994). Assessing faculty work: Enhancing individual and institutional performance. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Brower, A.M. (1992). The "second half" of student integration: The effects of life task predominance on student persistence. Journal of Higher Education, 63(4), 441-462.
Cabrera, A.F., Castañeda, M.B., Nora, A., and Hengstler, D. (1992). The convergence between two theories of college persistence. Journal of Higher Education, 63(2), 143-164.
Clark, B.R. (1987). The academic life: Small worlds, different worlds. Princeton, NJ: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Duncan, B.L. (1976). Minority students. In J. Katz and R.T. Hartnett (Eds.), Scholars in the making: The development of graduate and professional students (pp. 227-242). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Farmer, H.S., Wardrop, J.L., Anderson, M.Z., and Risinger, R. (1995). Women's career choices: Focus on science, math, and technology careers. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(2), 155-170.
Finkelstein, M.J. (1984). The American academic profession: A synthesis of social scientific inquiry since World War II. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.
Flood, B.J., and Moll, J.K. (1990). The professor business: A teacher primer for faculty. Medford, NJ: Learned Information.
Herndon, S. (1984). Factors that differentiate between persisters and dropouts among recipients of financial aid. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25(4), 367-368.
Herr, E.L., Rayman, J.R., and Garis, J.W. (1993). Handbook for the college and university career center. Westport, CO: Greenwood Press.
Hetherington, C., and Davis, J. (1984). An entering year program: Assisting with university retention. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25(6), 551-552.
Hoyte, R.M., and Collett, J. (1993). "I can do it:" Minority undergraduate science experiences and the professional career choice. In J. Gainen, and R. Boice (Eds.), Building a diverse faculty (pp. 81-90). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Katz, J. (1976). Development of the mind. In J. Katz and R.T. Hartnett (Eds.), Scholars in the making: The development of graduate and professional students (pp. 107-126). Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Kirk, D., and Todd-Mancillas, W.R. (1991). Turning points in graduate student socialization: Implications for recruiting future faculty. The Review of Higher Education, 14(3), 407-422.
Nora, A. (1990). Campus-based aid programs as determinants of retention among Hispanic community college students. Journal of Higher Education, 61(3), 312-331.
Pascarella, E.T. (1985). The influence of on-campus living versus commuting to college on intellectual and interpersonal self-concept. Journal of College Student Personnel, 26(4), 292-299.
Pascarella, E.T., and Terenzini, P.T. (1991). How college affects students. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Pelikan, J. (1983). Scholarship and its survival: Questions on the idea of graduate education. Princeton, NJ: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Perkin, H.J. (1987). The academic profession in the United Kingdom. In B.R. Clark (Ed.), The academic profession: National, disciplinary, and institutional settings (pp. 13-59). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Pflaum, S.W., Pascarella, and Duby, P. (1985). The effects of honors college participation on academic performance during the freshman year. Journal of College Student Personnel, 26(5), 414-419.
Phelan, W.T. (1979). Undergraduate orientations towards scientific and scholarly careers. American Educational Research Journal, 16(4), 411-422.
Richardson, R.C.Jr, and Skinner, E.F. (1990). Adapting to diversity: Organizational influences on student achievement. Journal of Higher Education, 61(5), 485-511.
Rudd, R. (1985). A new look at postgraduate failure. Worcester, England: The Society for Research into Higher Education & NFER-NELSON.
Ruscio, K.P. (1987). Many sector, many professions. In B.R. Clark (Ed.), The academic profession: National, disciplinary, and institutional settings (pp. 331-368). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving college: Rethinking the causes and cures of student attrition (2nd. Ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Townsend, L. (1994, Summer). How universities successfully retain and graduate Black students. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, 85-89.
Weinrach, S.G., and Srebalus, D.J. (1990). Holland's theory of careers. In D. Brown, L. Brooks and Associates, Career choice and development (2nd. Ed.) (pp. 37-67). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Wisniewski, R. (1989). The ideal professor of education. In R. Wisniewski and E.R. Ducharme (Eds.), The profession of teaching: An inquiry (pp. 134-146). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
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1999-11-01
