Professions and Social Order in a Global Society
Keywords:
Globalization, professions, social order.Abstract
This paper analyzes the concept of the professions departing from Adam Smith’s book The wealth of nations. It discusses about the factors that affect the recognition toward different types of occupations, as well as the reasons of the inevitable emergence of professions in modern societies. Nineteen century facts of England and the United States are considered as context for the discussion toward the professions, between contemporary analysts. Finally, challenges that globalization imposes to the professions are glimpsed, considering restrictive practices that block the flexibility, essential in the European, Asian and American economies.Downloads
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References
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Dingwall, R. (1995). Le verouillage du marché: les pharmacies anglaises dans la course à la licence 1794-1868. En J. Lasselain (Ed.), Profession farmacien: Le regard des sciences sociales (pp. 15-22). París: Edition Imhotep of Medicine Sciences.
Dingwall, R. y Fenn, P. (1987). “A respectable profession”? Sociological and economic perspectives on the regulation of the professional services. International Review of Law and Economics, 7 (1), 51-64.
Dingwall, R. y King, M. D. (1995). Herbert Spencer and the professions: occupational ecology reconsidered. Sociological Theory, 13 (1), 13-24.
Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: the social virtues and the creation of prosperity. Londres: Hamish Hamilton.
Gamble, A. (1996). Hayek: The iron cage of liberty. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Halliday, T. (1987). Beyond monopoly: Lawyers, state crisis and professional empowerment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hayek, F. A. V. (1945). The use of the knowledge in society. American Economy Review, 35 (4) 519-530.
Holloway, S. W. F. (1991). The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain 1841-1991: A political and social history. Londres: The Pharmaceutical Press.
Horobin, G. W. (1983). Professional mystery: the maintenance of charisma in general medical practice. En R. Dingwall y P. S. C. Lewis (Eds.), The sociology of the professions: Lawyers, doctors and others (pp. 84-105). Londres: Macmillan.
Hughes, E. C. (1971). The sociological eye: Selected paper on work, self and the study of society. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton.
Johnson, T. (1972). Professions and power. Londres: Macmillan.
Johnson, T. (1977). Professions in the class structure. En R. Scase (Ed.) Industrial society: lass, cleavage and control. Londres: Allen & Unwin.
Johnson, T. (1982). The state and the professions: Peculiarities of the British. En A. Giddens y G. Mackenzie (Eds.), Social class and the division of labour: Essays in honor of Ilya Neustadt (pp. 186-208). Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.
Johnson, T. (1995). Governmentality and the institutionalization of expertise. En T. Johnson, G. Larkin y M. Saks (Eds.), Health professions and the state in Europe (pp. 7-24). Londres: Routledge.
Larkin, G. V. (1983). Occupational monopoly and modern medicine. Londres: Tavistock.
Larson, M. S. (1977). The rise of professionalism: A sociological analysis. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Light, D. (1995). Countervailing powers: a framework for ptofessions in transition. En T. Johnson, G. Larkin y M. Saks (Eds.), Health professions and the state in Europe (pp. 7-24). Londres: Routledge.
Muller, J. Z. (1993). Adam Smith in this time and ours: Designing decent society. Nueva York: Free Press.
Parkin, F. (1979). Marxism and class theory: A bourgeois critic. Londres: Tavistock.
Parry, N. y Parry, J. (1976). The rise of the medical profession. Londres: Croom Helm.
Parsons, T. (1954). Essays in sociological theory. Nueva York: Free Press.
Perkin, H. (1989). The rise of the professional society: England since 1880. Londres: Routledge.
Schutz, A. y Luckmann, T. (1974). The structures of the life world. Londres: Heinenmann.
Simmel, G. (1950). The sociology of Georg Simmel. Nueva York: Free Press.
Smith, A. (1976a). An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of the nations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Trabajo original publicado en 1776).
Smith, A. (1976b). The theory of the moral sentiments. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Trabajo original publicado en 1759).
Starr, P. (1982). The social transformation of American medicine. Nueva York: Basic Books.
Witz, A. (1992). Professions and patriarchy. Londres: Routledge.Witz, A. (1992). Professions and patriarchy. Londres: Routledge.
Dingwall, R. (1995). Le verouillage du marché: les pharmacies anglaises dans la course à la licence 1794-1868. En J. Lasselain (Ed.), Profession farmacien: Le regard des sciences sociales (pp. 15-22). París: Edition Imhotep of Medicine Sciences.
Dingwall, R. y Fenn, P. (1987). “A respectable profession”? Sociological and economic perspectives on the regulation of the professional services. International Review of Law and Economics, 7 (1), 51-64.
Dingwall, R. y King, M. D. (1995). Herbert Spencer and the professions: occupational ecology reconsidered. Sociological Theory, 13 (1), 13-24.
Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: the social virtues and the creation of prosperity. Londres: Hamish Hamilton.
Gamble, A. (1996). Hayek: The iron cage of liberty. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Halliday, T. (1987). Beyond monopoly: Lawyers, state crisis and professional empowerment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hayek, F. A. V. (1945). The use of the knowledge in society. American Economy Review, 35 (4) 519-530.
Holloway, S. W. F. (1991). The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain 1841-1991: A political and social history. Londres: The Pharmaceutical Press.
Horobin, G. W. (1983). Professional mystery: the maintenance of charisma in general medical practice. En R. Dingwall y P. S. C. Lewis (Eds.), The sociology of the professions: Lawyers, doctors and others (pp. 84-105). Londres: Macmillan.
Hughes, E. C. (1971). The sociological eye: Selected paper on work, self and the study of society. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton.
Johnson, T. (1972). Professions and power. Londres: Macmillan.
Johnson, T. (1977). Professions in the class structure. En R. Scase (Ed.) Industrial society: lass, cleavage and control. Londres: Allen & Unwin.
Johnson, T. (1982). The state and the professions: Peculiarities of the British. En A. Giddens y G. Mackenzie (Eds.), Social class and the division of labour: Essays in honor of Ilya Neustadt (pp. 186-208). Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.
Johnson, T. (1995). Governmentality and the institutionalization of expertise. En T. Johnson, G. Larkin y M. Saks (Eds.), Health professions and the state in Europe (pp. 7-24). Londres: Routledge.
Larkin, G. V. (1983). Occupational monopoly and modern medicine. Londres: Tavistock.
Larson, M. S. (1977). The rise of professionalism: A sociological analysis. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Light, D. (1995). Countervailing powers: a framework for ptofessions in transition. En T. Johnson, G. Larkin y M. Saks (Eds.), Health professions and the state in Europe (pp. 7-24). Londres: Routledge.
Muller, J. Z. (1993). Adam Smith in this time and ours: Designing decent society. Nueva York: Free Press.
Parkin, F. (1979). Marxism and class theory: A bourgeois critic. Londres: Tavistock.
Parry, N. y Parry, J. (1976). The rise of the medical profession. Londres: Croom Helm.
Parsons, T. (1954). Essays in sociological theory. Nueva York: Free Press.
Perkin, H. (1989). The rise of the professional society: England since 1880. Londres: Routledge.
Schutz, A. y Luckmann, T. (1974). The structures of the life world. Londres: Heinenmann.
Simmel, G. (1950). The sociology of Georg Simmel. Nueva York: Free Press.
Smith, A. (1976a). An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of the nations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Trabajo original publicado en 1776).
Smith, A. (1976b). The theory of the moral sentiments. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Trabajo original publicado en 1759).
Starr, P. (1982). The social transformation of American medicine. Nueva York: Basic Books.
Witz, A. (1992). Professions and patriarchy. Londres: Routledge.Witz, A. (1992). Professions and patriarchy. Londres: Routledge.
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Published
2004-05-01
